voluntary running wheel activity  (TSE systems)

Journal: eneuro

Article Title: Somatostatin-Expressing Neurons in the Ventral Tegmental Area Innervate Specific Forebrain Regions and Are Involved in Stress Response

doi: 10.1523/eneuro.0149-23.2023

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 5. VTASst-caspase female mice demonstrated an increased number of nose pokes in the IntelliCage system. To study the behavioral functions of VTASst neurons, a Cre-dependent caspase-expressing virus was injected bilaterally into the VTA resulting in VTASst mice (Extended Data Fig. 5-1). a, The y-axis indicates the number of nose pokes into the water-containing doors per hour; the x-axis shows the time after the beginning of the test. Bottom, Yellow and blue bars show light and dark phases, respectively. VTASst-caspase females nose poked more often in the IntelliCage environment than the control females, suggesting higher activity during the adaptation (sex treatment, F(1,22) ¼ 7.085, p ¼ 0.014; female, post hoc, p ¼ 0.004) and after habituation to the new en- vironment (sex treatment F(1,22) ¼ 8.043, p ¼ 0.010; female, post hoc, p ¼ 0.002). Females were overall more active than males (sex, F(1,22) ¼ 27.329, p , 0.001). b, There was no difference between the male treatment groups. Classical anxiety tests and circa- dian activity in the free-running wheel test in single housing did not reveal any differences (Extended Data Figs. 5-2, 5-3). Statistical analyses of all behavioral tests are presented in Extended Data Table 5-1. Data are shown as mean 6 SEM,* p , 0.05 for the signifi- cance of the difference in overall activities (post hoc test). ns - no significant difference, p . 0.05.

Article Snippet: Circadian rhythm of running wheel activity To measure voluntary wheel running activity, free-running wheels (Med Associates) were placed in the IVC cage of a single-housed mouse.

Techniques: Expressing, Virus, Injection, Control, Activity Assay

Journal: EMBO Reports

Article Title: Muscle‐derived GDF15 drives diurnal anorexia and systemic metabolic remodeling during mitochondrial stress

doi: 10.15252/embr.201948804

Figure Lengend Snippet: A Genotyping PCR panel of Gdf15 and HSA‐ Ucp1 loci shown for wild‐type (WT), Gdf15 ‐KO (KO), Ucp1 ‐TG (TG), and Ucp1 ‐TGx Gdf15 ‐KO (TGxKO) mice. B Relative mRNA expression in quadriceps (Quad) of Ucp1 and Gdf15 in 20‐week‐old male WT ( n = 8), TG ( n = 7), and TGxKO ( n = 6) mice. C Plasma mGDF15 levels at 20 weeks of age (WT n = 9, TG n = 10, TGxKO n = 9). D Voluntary wheel running (VWR) activity shown hourly over 24 h at 15 weeks of age ( n = 4 per genotype). E Grip strength at 10–20 weeks of age (WT n = 15, TG n = 14, TGxKO n = 11). F Skeletal muscle mass relative to body lean mass of quadriceps (Quad) and gastrocnemius (Gastroc) from mice at 95 weeks of age (WT n = 8, TG n = 5, TGxKO n = 5). G, H Representative H&E histological staining of tibialis anterior (TA) muscle (G) (scale bars represent 50 μm), and cross‐sectional area (CSA) of myofibers (H) at 95 weeks (WT n = 12, TG n = 8, TGxKO n = 8). I Representative traces of oxygen consumption rate (OCR) during substrate–uncoupler–inhibitor titration (SUIT) protocol for mitochondrial respiratory capacity in permeabilized mouse soleus muscle fibers, PM (pyruvate+malate; LEAK respiration), ADP (OXPHOS capacity), Cyt c (cytochrome c, integrity of outer mt‐membrane), G (glutamate;), S (succinate), U (uncoupler, FCCP), Rot (rotenone), and Ama (antimycin A; less than 2% residual oxygen consumption, ROX). J–L Mitochondrial respiratory capacity (oxygen consumption rate, OCR) from oxidative soleus (SOL) (J) and glycolytic extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle fibers (K), and NetOXPHOS control ratio of 95‐week‐old mice (L) ( n = 5 per genotype). M Quadriceps (Quad) relative mRNA expression of ISR components at 95 weeks of age (WT n = 8, TG n = 5, TGxKO n = 5). N Representative immunoblots of ISR component eIF2α in quadriceps (Quad) muscle of 95‐week‐old mice. O Gastrocnemius enzyme activity of NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1 (NQO1) and total glutathione peroxidase (GPX) in 95‐week‐old male mice (WT n = 8, TG n = 5, TGxKO n = 5). Data information: Circulating plasma parameters are expressed as interleaved box and whiskers (min to max) plots, and all other data are expressed as means ± SEM; P‐ value calculated by one‐way ANOVA with Tukey's post hoc test; * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001.

Article Snippet: Voluntary running wheel activity was determined by IR motion detectors (TSE Systems GmbH, Homburg, Germany).

Techniques: Expressing, Clinical Proteomics, Activity Assay, Staining, Titration, Membrane, Control, Western Blot

Journal: EMBO Reports

Article Title: Muscle‐derived GDF15 drives diurnal anorexia and systemic metabolic remodeling during mitochondrial stress

doi: 10.15252/embr.201948804

Figure Lengend Snippet: A Plasma GDF15 levels at 20 weeks of age (WT n = 9, KO n = 9). B Voluntary wheel running (VWR) activity shown hourly over 24 h at 15 weeks of age ( n = 4 per genotype). C Grip strength at 10–20 weeks of age (WT n = 15, KO n = 14). D Skeletal muscle mass relative to body lean mass of quadriceps (Quad), gastrocnemius (Gastroc), soleus, and EDL (WT n = 9, KO = 10). E Representative H&E histological staining of tibialis anterior (TA) muscle (G) (scale bars represent 50 μm) F–H Mitochondrial respiratory capacity (oxygen consumption rate, OCR) from oxidative soleus (SOL) (F) and glycolytic extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle fibers (G), and NetOXPHOS control ratio (H) ( n = 5 per genotype). I, J Representative immunoblots of OXPHOS in quadriceps (Quad) muscle (I) and their corresponding quantifications normalized to MFN2 (J) ( n = 6 per genotype). K Skeletal muscle (Quad) relative mRNA expression of ISR components (WT n = 8, KO n = 6). L Representative immunoblots of ISR component eIF2α and phospho‐eIF2α (p‐eIF2a Ser51 ), TG sample was included as positive control. M Skeletal muscle (Gastroc) enzyme activity of NQO1 and GPX (WT n = 8, KO n = 6). Data information: Data shown are from male wild‐type (WT) versus Gdf15 ‐KO (KO) mice. Circulating plasma parameters are expressed as interleaved box and whiskers (min to max) plots, and all other data are expressed as means ± SEM; P‐ value calculated by unpaired Student's t ‐test.

Article Snippet: Voluntary running wheel activity was determined by IR motion detectors (TSE Systems GmbH, Homburg, Germany).

Techniques: Clinical Proteomics, Activity Assay, Staining, Control, Western Blot, Expressing, Positive Control